World News – UA – A 125-year study of chess games suggests we are not reaching the

As muscle mass, strength and function begin to deteriorate from the age of 30, new research on professional chess players suggests that the brain actually ages more slowly and gradually

Scientists have analyzed chess games for 125 years and followed individual performances throughout their lives They drew a bump-shaped curve, a tiny threshold of speed that applies to different generations of chess players

Before the early 1920s, performance on the chessboard seemed to increase rapidly Skills then seemed to peak around 35, peak at 40 and decrease steadily after 45

Considering factors other than age, such as the color of the chess pieces, the length of the game, the generation of the player and the strength of the opponent, cognitive decline after age 45 only decreases marginally and statistically insignificantly

Age model of peak performance among chess players from 1890 to 2014 (Strittmatter et al, PNAS, 2020)

Although peak brain performance varies slightly from task to task, the results tend to be in line with other estimates for higher cognitive abilities, even those designed specifically for failure

However, much research on cognitive performance is generally based on skills such as decision-making speed and working memory.However, failures are different because they also depend on training and experience

« Chess has a complex neural basis of automated processes related to identifying the configuration of parts and their relationships on the board, involving circuits from different regions of the brain, » say the authors

« The quality of a certain step therefore reflects an ideal measure for the performance of a demanding cognitive task which is becoming increasingly important in the labor market »

Additionally, chess tournament data has been carefully recorded for decades, making it very useful for psychologists and neuroscientists who study cognitive skills over time.

Using this data, a 2006 study found that performance in chess declines much more slowly than other physical activities such as swimming

The new research is again drawing on this wealth of information to determine when we might be at our cognitive peak

Analyzing over 16 million individual moves in 24,000 games of chess, scientists assessed the skills of over 4,000 players, including 20 world champions between 1890 and 2014 A computerized chess machine was used to determine which moves were the best

Over the course of a career, it was found that most players peaked at the age of 30 and maintained that performance for around 10 years before their game started to deteriorate.

Similar to age, the authors also found a similar hump-shaped performance curve for experience.For example, among thousands of less experienced opponents, performance increased sharply around 37

This suggests that experience may change the age at which a person peaks in performance, and it could explain why chess players peaked earlier and earlier in the last century, such as the show the following graphic

Age model among generations of chess players from 1890 to 2014 (Strittmatter et al, PNAS, 2020)

The rapid spread of knowledge about chess, the advent of chess engines and the ease of playing online mean that young players are learning more about chess and gaining more experience 125 years ago

In the 1990s, when computerized chess games first became popular, chess performance rose sharply among professionals

The study is based on expert knowledge and therefore probably represents the upper limit of cognitive performance throughout a person’s life

Still, the results are encouraging The recent surge in chess skills among young people suggests that with the right tools and experience, advanced cognitive skills can be achieved early on, and the long tail of the curve suggests that we can maintain these skills decades into the future

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